This library provides implementations of five different queues
(binomial, pairing, skew, leftist, and Braun), each in two
flavours: one verified, and one not.
At the moment, only structural invariants are maintained.
More information, and a walkthough of a couple implementations, can
be found at this blog post.
Comparisons of verified and unverified queues
Both versions of each queue are provided for comparison: for
instance, compare the standard leftist queue (in
Data.Queue.Leftist):
To its size-indexed counterpart (in Data.Queue.Indexed.Leftist):
The invariant here (that the size of the left queue must
always be less than that of the right) is encoded in the
proof m <= n.
With that in mind, compare the unverified and verified
implementatons of merge:
Verified:
Using type families and typechecker plugins to encode the invariant
The similarity is accomplished through overloading, and some
handy functions. For instance, the second if-then-else works
on boolean singletons, and the <=. function provides a
proof of order along with its answer. The actual arithmetic
is carried out at runtime on normal integers, rather than
Peano numerals. These tricks are explained in more detail
TypeLevel.Singletons and TypeLevel.Bool.
A typechecker plugin does most of the heavy lifting, although
there are some (small) manual proofs.
Uses of verified queues
The main interesting use of these sturctures is total traversable
sorting (sort-traversable).
An implementation of this is provided in Data.Traversable.Parts. I'm
interested in finding out other uses for these kinds of structures.